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- ***************************************
- * CENTurbo II B HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE *
- ***************************************
-
- (c) January 99, Rodolphe Czuba - CENTEK
-
-
- 1/ PRESENTATION
-
- As you can see on the picture 'ARCHITEC.GIF', the hardware architecture of
- the CT2 is built with two 32-Bit buses, adverse the Falcon built with a
- 16-Bit DATA bus (except the 32-Bit DATA bus between ST-Ram and VIDEL).
-
- The FAST-Ram of the CT2 considerably increases the performances of the
- Falcon which have only a 16-Bit singe memory (ST-Ram) used by both the CPU
- and the VIDEO/SOUND/SCSI chips.
- You can now run the programs in True Color mode as quick as in 16 colors
- mode because the programs executions are not decreased by the big video
- modes accesses !
- More, the BURST READ mode of the 68030 is now used to read and cache
- 4 LONGWORDS with only 11 CPU (50MHz) cycles !
- The WRITE accesses have been improved from 6 (REV A) to 4 cycles at 50 MHz !
-
- In fact, the Falcon becomes a simple 16-Bit Super I/O card managed by the
- CENTurbo II...
- So, the ST-Ram becomes the VIDEO/SOUND/SCSI ram; what it is called 'CHIP-Ram'
- in the AMIGA world: the ram uses by the chips (BLITTER, VIDEO, SOUND, SCSI).
- The FAST-Ram becomes the MAIN ram which must be used as much as possible by
- the CPU. This architecture is near the one of the PC...
-
- The heart of the CT2 is done with 2 chipsets named ANNA & THALIE which
- manage the following features:
-
- ANNA:
- - 60ns EDO DRAM 50 MHz Controller performing BURST READING with 5,2,2,2 clock
- cycles at 50 MHz (real 32.5 MB/s) and WRITING with 4 clock cycles at
- 50 MHz (real 38 MB/s !). See the benchs...
- - Hardware Watchdog of 6 us.
- - Generation of the 500 kHz clock for the two ACIA.
-
- THALIE:
- - FPU communication.
- - Logical interface to access the Falcon 68000 bus at 50 MHz.
- - DATA buffers.
- - Accesses to the FLASH at 50 MHz.
- - Accesses to the DSP at 50 MHz.
- - Accesses to the ACIAs at 50 MHz.
- - Accesses to/from the SDMA in SLAVE/MASTER mode.
- - INTerrupt level 4 and 2 (VBL and HBL).
- - Clocks (except for the ACIAs).
- - CT2 setting registers.
-
-
- 2/ NEW METHODS
-
- Like on the PHENIX, many software developers have to change their
- programming methods of the Falcon because, in many cases, the use of the
- FAST-Ram by the CPU is very more advantageous than the use of any others
- techniques designed to avoid the slowness of the ST-Ram.
- This is a fact for those who have used the DSP to compute things that can
- now be computed faster by the CPU in FAST-Ram. Programmers have now to use
- the DSP only for the things for what it was originally designed (matrix,
- FFT, and so...), and don't forget that the time to transfer to and from the
- DSP (by a 8-Bit bus !) is became very important opposite to the time about
- the FAST-Ram.
-
- Furthermore, an important effort must be done to code LONGWORDs and align
- the code (C programmers: code with ASM !) at least on 32-Bit boundaries,
- or better, on 16 bytes boundaries (4 LONGWORDs = 1 cache LINE).
- This is necessary if you want to use the CACHE BURST at the better
- performances.
- Meanwhile, you have to know that the 'WRAP AROUND' of the 030 is set OFF by
- the CT2 to avoid a performances decrease with the majority of the softwares
- which don't respect the alignments on 32-Bit boundaries.
- The VL-BURST (Variable Length) allows the CPU to fill only the end of the
- cache line without filling the begining of this line.
- By example, if you run code at $01025480, the CPU bursts an entierely line
- of the cache from the addresses $01025480, $01025484, $01025488 and
- $0102548C.
- If the CPU begins to burst from $01025488, it will stop after reading the
- second LONGWORD at $0102548C and will not go to read the two first LONGWORDs
- at $01025480 and $01025484 ! What it would have done with the WRAP AROUND...
- In the most cases, 4 CPU cycles (2+2) are economised because it is rare the
- CPU needs these two first LONGWORDs, except with some not very used
- addressing modes...
-
- For more informations about the caches of the 68030, please refer to the
- '68030 USER'S MANUAL' (chapters 6 & 7) from MOTOROLA.